Invent Superiority
Breya, Etherium Shaper · C16 2016 · official decklist · 100 cards
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by most original →
66
of 178
0.178 originality.
In the top 37%.
What originality means here
Every card scores 0 to 1: one minus how close its nearest match anywhere in Magic gets, so 0.30 means something out there is 70% like it. A deck's figure is the average across its most original half of nonland cards, so it climbs by holding cards with less competition, never by holding more cards.
- 63 Revenant Recon 0.180
- 64 Reign of Dragons 0.179
- 65 Draconic Domination 0.178
- 66 Invent Superiority 0.178
- 67 Explorers of the Deep 0.178
- 68 Symbiotic Swarm 0.178
- 69 Living Energy 0.177
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by least original →
113
of 178
0.178 originality.
In the bottom 37%.
What originality means here
Every card scores 0 to 1: one minus how close its nearest match anywhere in Magic gets, so 0.30 means something out there is 70% like it. A deck's figure is the average across its most original half of nonland cards, so it climbs by holding cards with less competition, never by holding more cards.
- 110 Living Energy 0.177
- 111 Symbiotic Swarm 0.178
- 112 Explorers of the Deep 0.178
- 113 Invent Superiority 0.178
- 114 Draconic Domination 0.178
- 115 Reign of Dragons 0.179
- 116 Revenant Recon 0.180
Most original cards
- Myr Battlesphere 0.26
- Grip of Phyresis 0.24
- Curse of Vengeance 0.24
- Silas Renn, Seeker Adept 0.24
- Magus of the Will 0.23
- Hellkite Tyrant 0.23
- Beacon of Unrest 0.22
- Daretti, Scrap Savant 0.22
- Read the Runes 0.22
- Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer 0.20
- Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder 0.19
- Filigree Angel 0.19
- Trial // Error 0.18
- Bonehoard 0.18
- Soul of New Phyrexia 0.18
- Mycosynth Wellspring 0.18
- Etched Oracle 0.18
- Parting Thoughts 0.17
- Swiftfoot Boots 0.17
- Hellkite Igniter 0.17
- Blinkmoth Urn 0.16
- Sharuum the Hegemon 0.16
- Open the Vaults 0.16
- Chief Engineer 0.15
- Sydri, Galvanic Genius 0.14
- Armory Automaton 0.13
- Everflowing Chalice 0.13
- Sphinx Summoner 0.13
- Godo, Bandit Warlord 0.11
- Ancient Excavation 0.11
- Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer 0.11
- Hanna, Ship's Navigator 0.10
- Ethersworn Adjudicator 0.10
- Shimmer Myr 0.10
- Ichor Wellspring 0.09
- Thopter Foundry 0.09
- Trading Post 0.09
- Whipflare 0.06
- Grave Upheaval 0.06
- Faerie Artisans 0.06
- Executioner's Capsule 0.04
- Commander's Sphere 0.03
- Phyrexian Rebirth 0.02
- Skullclamp 0.02
- Dispeller's Capsule 0.01
- Breya, Etherium Shaper 0.01
- Cranial Plating 0.01
- Vedalken Engineer 0.00
- Akiri, Line-Slinger 0.00
- Trinket Mage 0.00
- Loxodon Warhammer 0.00
- Coastal Breach 0.00
- Solemn Simulacrum 0.00
- Trash for Treasure 0.00
- Baleful Strix 0.00
- Fellwar Stone 0.00
- Migratory Route 0.00
- Nevinyrral's Disk 0.00
- Sanctum Gargoyle 0.00
- Sol Ring 0.00
- Master of Etherium -0.00
- Etherium Sculptor -0.00
- Myr Retriever -0.00
View these card images
Myr Battlesphere0.26
$0.24
#932
0.25
16.1 years
Grip of Phyresis0.24
$0.31
#21100
0.20
10.0 years
Curse of Vengeance0.24
$6.66
#11261
0.31
10.0 years
Silas Renn, Seeker Adept0.24
$1.92
#12342
0.35
10.0 years
Magus of the Will0.23
$0.31
#17482
0.29
10.0 years
Hellkite Tyrant0.23
$2.38
#726
1.12
13.8 years
Beacon of Unrest0.22
$0.29
#4595
0.64
22.4 years
Daretti, Scrap Savant0.22
$0.86
#2061
0.33
12.0 years
Read the Runes0.22
$0.59
#11610
0.12
24.1 years
Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer0.20
$0.40
#7844
0.32
22.8 years
Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder0.19
$1.94
#7574
0.14
10.0 years
Filigree Angel0.19
$0.29
#15160
0.53
17.5 years
Trial // Error0.18
$0.15
#26147
0.25
20.5 years
Bonehoard0.18
$0.24
#5334
0.07
15.8 years
Soul of New Phyrexia0.18
$0.56
#3583
0.19
12.3 years
Mycosynth Wellspring0.18
$0.22
#2483
0.04
15.5 years
Etched Oracle0.18
$0.11
#8833
0.06
22.4 years
Parting Thoughts0.17
$0.25
#21074
0.11
10.0 years
Swiftfoot Boots0.17
$1.26
#12
0.37
15.3 years
Hellkite Igniter0.17
$0.28
#7629
0.13
15.8 years
Blinkmoth Urn0.16
$0.90
#5925
0.18
23.1 years
Sharuum the Hegemon0.16
$0.34
#6917
0.06
18.1 years
Open the Vaults0.16
$0.51
#4122
0.11
17.3 years
Chief Engineer0.15
$0.91
#7085
0.43
12.3 years
Sydri, Galvanic Genius0.14
$0.94
#15019
0.19
13.0 years
Armory Automaton0.13
$0.27
#6948
0.24
10.0 years
Everflowing Chalice0.13
$0.30
#251
0.24
16.8 years
Sphinx Summoner0.13
$0.29
#13161
0.12
17.8 years
Godo, Bandit Warlord0.11
$1.05
#3365
0.84
22.1 years
Ancient Excavation0.11
$0.26
#9448
0.12
10.0 years
Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer0.11
$0.21
#9392
0.12
15.5 years
Hanna, Ship's Navigator0.10
$0.32
#5915
0.12
26.1 years
Ethersworn Adjudicator0.10
$0.35
#9797
0.15
17.8 years
Shimmer Myr0.10
$0.27
#1346
0.34
15.8 years
Ichor Wellspring0.09
$0.29
#975
0.08
15.8 years
Thopter Foundry0.09
$0.29
#8077
0.13
17.5 years
Trading Post0.09
$0.31
#2174
0.12
14.3 years
Whipflare0.06
$0.21
#19341
0.06
15.5 years
Grave Upheaval0.06
$0.48
#15094
0.21
10.0 years
Faerie Artisans0.06
$1.98
#4900
0.58
10.0 years
Executioner's Capsule0.04
$0.09
#7293
0.19
18.1 years
Commander's Sphere0.03
$0.21
#56
0.06
12.0 years
Phyrexian Rebirth0.02
$0.24
#4431
0.32
15.8 years
Skullclamp0.02
$3.16
#38
0.79
22.8 years
Dispeller's Capsule0.01
$0.06
#12244
0.06
18.1 years
Breya, Etherium Shaper0.01
$0.38
#5835
0.44
10.0 years
Cranial Plating0.01
$0.37
#2502
0.27
22.4 years
Vedalken Engineer0.00
$0.17
#6077
0.09
22.8 years
Akiri, Line-Slinger0.00
$4.09
#10256
0.13
10.0 years
Trinket Mage0.00
$0.26
#2072
0.40
22.4 years
Loxodon Warhammer0.00
$1.35
#1000
0.15
23.1 years
Coastal Breach0.00
$3.92
#12982
0.91
10.0 years
Solemn Simulacrum0.00
$0.27
#44
0.11
23.1 years
Trash for Treasure0.00
$0.65
#3956
0.48
23.1 years
Baleful Strix0.00
$3.96
#367
0.28
14.5 years
Fellwar Stone0.00
$0.92
#17
0.00
32.3 years
Migratory Route0.00
$0.14
#7288
0.00
10.0 years
Nevinyrral's Disk0.00
$0.40
#2035
0.72
33.3 years
Sanctum Gargoyle0.00
$0.06
#17278
0.00
18.1 years
Sol Ring0.00
$0.91
#1
1.59
33.3 years
Master of Etherium-0.00
$0.32
#2096
0.18
18.1 years
Etherium Sculptor-0.00
$0.50
#409
0.26
18.1 years
Myr Retriever-0.00
$0.71
#892
0.26
23.1 years
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by saltiest →
100
of 178
19.4 salt.
In the bottom 44%.
What salt means here
EDHREC's annual survey asks players which cards they least enjoy facing, scoring each 0 to about 3: Stasis is 3.06, Rhystic Study 2.73, Mind Stone a flat 0. A deck's figure is those scores added up, so it gets there either through a few famous offenders or a long tail of mildly irritating ones. The one number here that is an opinion rather than a measurement.
- 97 Breed Lethality 19.8
- 98 Virtue and Valor 19.6
- 99 Guided By Nature 19.5
- 100 Invent Superiority 19.4
- 101 Silverquill Statement 19.4
- 102 Elven Empire 19.4
- 103 Sworn To Darkness 19.3
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by mildest →
79
of 178
19.4 salt.
In the top 44%.
What salt means here
EDHREC's annual survey asks players which cards they least enjoy facing, scoring each 0 to about 3: Stasis is 3.06, Rhystic Study 2.73, Mind Stone a flat 0. A deck's figure is those scores added up, so it gets there either through a few famous offenders or a long tail of mildly irritating ones. The one number here that is an opinion rather than a measurement.
- 76 Sworn To Darkness 19.3
- 77 Elven Empire 19.4
- 78 Silverquill Statement 19.4
- 79 Invent Superiority 19.4
- 80 Guided By Nature 19.5
- 81 Virtue and Valor 19.6
- 82 Breed Lethality 19.8
Saltiest cards
- Sol Ring 1.59
- Hellkite Tyrant 1.12
- Coastal Breach 0.91
- Godo, Bandit Warlord 0.84
- Skullclamp 0.79
- Nevinyrral's Disk 0.72
- Beacon of Unrest 0.64
- Faerie Artisans 0.58
- Filigree Angel 0.53
- Trash for Treasure 0.48
- Breya, Etherium Shaper 0.44
- Chief Engineer 0.43
- Trinket Mage 0.40
- Swiftfoot Boots 0.37
- Silas Renn, Seeker Adept 0.35
- Shimmer Myr 0.34
- Daretti, Scrap Savant 0.33
- Phyrexian Rebirth 0.32
- Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer 0.32
- Curse of Vengeance 0.31
- Magus of the Will 0.29
- Baleful Strix 0.28
- Cranial Plating 0.27
- Etherium Sculptor 0.26
- Myr Retriever 0.26
- Temple of the False God 0.26
- Myr Battlesphere 0.25
- Trial // Error 0.25
- Armory Automaton 0.24
- Everflowing Chalice 0.24
- Grave Upheaval 0.21
- Command Tower 0.20
- Grip of Phyresis 0.20
- Executioner's Capsule 0.19
- Soul of New Phyrexia 0.19
- Sydri, Galvanic Genius 0.19
- Blinkmoth Urn 0.18
- Master of Etherium 0.18
- Ethersworn Adjudicator 0.15
- Loxodon Warhammer 0.15
- Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder 0.14
- Akiri, Line-Slinger 0.13
- Hellkite Igniter 0.13
- Thopter Foundry 0.13
- Ancient Excavation 0.12
- Hanna, Ship's Navigator 0.12
- Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer 0.12
- Read the Runes 0.12
- Sphinx Summoner 0.12
- Trading Post 0.12
- Open the Vaults 0.11
- Parting Thoughts 0.11
- Solemn Simulacrum 0.11
- Azorius Chancery 0.10
- Rakdos Carnarium 0.10
- Buried Ruin 0.09
- Seat of the Synod 0.09
- Vedalken Engineer 0.09
- Exotic Orchard 0.08
- Ichor Wellspring 0.08
- Terramorphic Expanse 0.08
- Bonehoard 0.07
- Darksteel Citadel 0.07
- Rupture Spire 0.07
- Transguild Promenade 0.07
- Commander's Sphere 0.06
- Dispeller's Capsule 0.06
- Etched Oracle 0.06
- Evolving Wilds 0.06
- Mystic Monastery 0.06
- Sharuum the Hegemon 0.06
- Whipflare 0.06
- Boros Garrison 0.04
- Mycosynth Wellspring 0.04
- Arcane Sanctum 0.03
- Dimir Aqueduct 0.03
- Nomad Outpost 0.03
- Ash Barrens 0.02
- Crumbling Necropolis 0.00
- Fellwar Stone 0.00
- Migratory Route 0.00
- Sanctum Gargoyle 0.00
View these card images
Sol Ring0.00
$0.91
#1
1.59
33.3 years
Hellkite Tyrant0.23
$2.38
#726
1.12
13.8 years
Coastal Breach0.00
$3.92
#12982
0.91
10.0 years
Godo, Bandit Warlord0.11
$1.05
#3365
0.84
22.1 years
Skullclamp0.02
$3.16
#38
0.79
22.8 years
Nevinyrral's Disk0.00
$0.40
#2035
0.72
33.3 years
Beacon of Unrest0.22
$0.29
#4595
0.64
22.4 years
Faerie Artisans0.06
$1.98
#4900
0.58
10.0 years
Filigree Angel0.19
$0.29
#15160
0.53
17.5 years
Trash for Treasure0.00
$0.65
#3956
0.48
23.1 years
Breya, Etherium Shaper0.01
$0.38
#5835
0.44
10.0 years
Chief Engineer0.15
$0.91
#7085
0.43
12.3 years
Trinket Mage0.00
$0.26
#2072
0.40
22.4 years
Swiftfoot Boots0.17
$1.26
#12
0.37
15.3 years
Silas Renn, Seeker Adept0.24
$1.92
#12342
0.35
10.0 years
Shimmer Myr0.10
$0.27
#1346
0.34
15.8 years
Daretti, Scrap Savant0.22
$0.86
#2061
0.33
12.0 years
Phyrexian Rebirth0.02
$0.24
#4431
0.32
15.8 years
Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer0.20
$0.40
#7844
0.32
22.8 years
Curse of Vengeance0.24
$6.66
#11261
0.31
10.0 years
Magus of the Will0.23
$0.31
#17482
0.29
10.0 years
Baleful Strix0.00
$3.96
#367
0.28
14.5 years
Cranial Plating0.01
$0.37
#2502
0.27
22.4 years
Etherium Sculptor-0.00
$0.50
#409
0.26
18.1 years
Myr Retriever-0.00
$0.71
#892
0.26
23.1 years
Temple of the False God0.12
$0.18
#84
0.26
23.5 years
Myr Battlesphere0.26
$0.24
#932
0.25
16.1 years
Trial // Error0.18
$0.15
#26147
0.25
20.5 years
Armory Automaton0.13
$0.27
#6948
0.24
10.0 years
Everflowing Chalice0.13
$0.30
#251
0.24
16.8 years
Grave Upheaval0.06
$0.48
#15094
0.21
10.0 years
Command Tower0.00
$0.21
#2
0.20
15.4 years
Grip of Phyresis0.24
$0.31
#21100
0.20
10.0 years
Executioner's Capsule0.04
$0.09
#7293
0.19
18.1 years
Soul of New Phyrexia0.18
$0.56
#3583
0.19
12.3 years
Sydri, Galvanic Genius0.14
$0.94
#15019
0.19
13.0 years
Blinkmoth Urn0.16
$0.90
#5925
0.18
23.1 years
Master of Etherium-0.00
$0.32
#2096
0.18
18.1 years
Ethersworn Adjudicator0.10
$0.35
#9797
0.15
17.8 years
Loxodon Warhammer0.00
$1.35
#1000
0.15
23.1 years
Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder0.19
$1.94
#7574
0.14
10.0 years
Akiri, Line-Slinger0.00
$4.09
#10256
0.13
10.0 years
Hellkite Igniter0.17
$0.28
#7629
0.13
15.8 years
Thopter Foundry0.09
$0.29
#8077
0.13
17.5 years
Ancient Excavation0.11
$0.26
#9448
0.12
10.0 years
Hanna, Ship's Navigator0.10
$0.32
#5915
0.12
26.1 years
Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer0.11
$0.21
#9392
0.12
15.5 years
Read the Runes0.22
$0.59
#11610
0.12
24.1 years
Sphinx Summoner0.13
$0.29
#13161
0.12
17.8 years
Trading Post0.09
$0.31
#2174
0.12
14.3 years
Open the Vaults0.16
$0.51
#4122
0.11
17.3 years
Parting Thoughts0.17
$0.25
#21074
0.11
10.0 years
Solemn Simulacrum0.00
$0.27
#44
0.11
23.1 years
Azorius Chancery0.00
$0.17
#482
0.10
20.5 years
Rakdos Carnarium0.00
$0.31
#531
0.10
20.5 years
Buried Ruin0.04
$0.34
#193
0.09
15.3 years
Seat of the Synod0.00
$0.98
#302
0.09
23.1 years
Vedalken Engineer0.00
$0.17
#6077
0.09
22.8 years
Exotic Orchard0.00
$0.23
#9
0.08
17.8 years
Ichor Wellspring0.09
$0.29
#975
0.08
15.8 years
Terramorphic Expanse-0.00
$0.09
#30
0.08
21.2 years
Bonehoard0.18
$0.24
#5334
0.07
15.8 years
Darksteel Citadel-0.00
$0.49
#282
0.07
22.8 years
Rupture Spire0.00
$0.10
#6293
0.07
17.8 years
Transguild Promenade0.00
$0.16
#8255
0.07
14.1 years
Commander's Sphere0.03
$0.21
#56
0.06
12.0 years
Dispeller's Capsule0.01
$0.06
#12244
0.06
18.1 years
Etched Oracle0.18
$0.11
#8833
0.06
22.4 years
Evolving Wilds-0.00
$0.09
#19
0.06
16.6 years
Mystic Monastery0.00
$0.15
#375
0.06
12.2 years
Sharuum the Hegemon0.16
$0.34
#6917
0.06
18.1 years
Whipflare0.06
$0.21
#19341
0.06
15.5 years
Boros Garrison0.00
$0.20
#529
0.04
21.1 years
Mycosynth Wellspring0.18
$0.22
#2483
0.04
15.5 years
Arcane Sanctum0.00
$0.22
#351
0.03
18.1 years
Dimir Aqueduct0.00
$0.23
#391
0.03
21.1 years
Nomad Outpost-0.00
$0.29
#381
0.03
12.2 years
Ash Barrens0.00
$0.20
#211
0.02
10.0 years
Crumbling Necropolis0.00
$0.35
#372
0.00
18.1 years
Fellwar Stone0.00
$0.92
#17
0.00
32.3 years
Migratory Route0.00
$0.14
#7288
0.00
10.0 years
Sanctum Gargoyle0.00
$0.06
#17278
0.00
18.1 years
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by most expensive →
121
of 178
$58.21 of cards.
In the bottom 33%.
What of cards means here
The cheapest paper printing of every card, added together: what the hundred cards cost to own as singles, not what the sealed box sells for. That is why one reserved list card can put a deck above four decks of staples. Basic lands count toward the total but are left out of the card list below, since thirty Islands are not what anyone means by a deck's cheapest cards.
- 118 Maestros Massacre $58.93
- 119 Political Puppets $58.72
- 120 Mardu Surge $58.64
- 121 Invent Superiority $58.21
- 122 Lorehold Legacies $58.12
- 123 Federation Fleet $57.90
- 124 Ahoy Mateys $57.72
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by cheapest →
58
of 178
$58.21 of cards.
In the top 33%.
What of cards means here
The cheapest paper printing of every card, added together: what the hundred cards cost to own as singles, not what the sealed box sells for. That is why one reserved list card can put a deck above four decks of staples. Basic lands count toward the total but are left out of the card list below, since thirty Islands are not what anyone means by a deck's cheapest cards.
- 55 Ahoy Mateys $57.72
- 56 Federation Fleet $57.90
- 57 Lorehold Legacies $58.12
- 58 Invent Superiority $58.21
- 59 Mardu Surge $58.64
- 60 Political Puppets $58.72
- 61 Maestros Massacre $58.93
Priciest cards
- Curse of Vengeance $6.66
- Akiri, Line-Slinger $4.09
- Baleful Strix $3.96
- Coastal Breach $3.92
- Skullclamp $3.16
- Hellkite Tyrant $2.38
- Faerie Artisans $1.98
- Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder $1.94
- Silas Renn, Seeker Adept $1.92
- Loxodon Warhammer $1.35
- Swiftfoot Boots $1.26
- Godo, Bandit Warlord $1.05
- Seat of the Synod $0.98
- Sydri, Galvanic Genius $0.94
- Fellwar Stone $0.92
- Chief Engineer $0.91
- Sol Ring $0.91
- Blinkmoth Urn $0.90
- Daretti, Scrap Savant $0.86
- Myr Retriever $0.71
- Trash for Treasure $0.65
- Read the Runes $0.59
- Soul of New Phyrexia $0.56
- Open the Vaults $0.51
- Etherium Sculptor $0.50
- Darksteel Citadel $0.49
- Grave Upheaval $0.48
- Nevinyrral's Disk $0.40
- Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer $0.40
- Breya, Etherium Shaper $0.38
- Cranial Plating $0.37
- Crumbling Necropolis $0.35
- Ethersworn Adjudicator $0.35
- Buried Ruin $0.34
- Sharuum the Hegemon $0.34
- Hanna, Ship's Navigator $0.32
- Master of Etherium $0.32
- Grip of Phyresis $0.31
- Magus of the Will $0.31
- Rakdos Carnarium $0.31
- Trading Post $0.31
- Everflowing Chalice $0.30
- Beacon of Unrest $0.29
- Filigree Angel $0.29
- Ichor Wellspring $0.29
- Nomad Outpost $0.29
- Sphinx Summoner $0.29
- Thopter Foundry $0.29
- Hellkite Igniter $0.28
- Armory Automaton $0.27
- Shimmer Myr $0.27
- Solemn Simulacrum $0.27
- Ancient Excavation $0.26
- Trinket Mage $0.26
- Parting Thoughts $0.25
- Bonehoard $0.24
- Myr Battlesphere $0.24
- Phyrexian Rebirth $0.24
- Dimir Aqueduct $0.23
- Exotic Orchard $0.23
- Arcane Sanctum $0.22
- Mycosynth Wellspring $0.22
- Commander's Sphere $0.21
- Command Tower $0.21
- Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer $0.21
- Whipflare $0.21
- Ash Barrens $0.20
- Boros Garrison $0.20
- Temple of the False God $0.18
- Azorius Chancery $0.17
- Vedalken Engineer $0.17
- Transguild Promenade $0.16
- Mystic Monastery $0.15
- Trial // Error $0.15
- Migratory Route $0.14
- Etched Oracle $0.11
- Rupture Spire $0.10
- Evolving Wilds $0.09
- Executioner's Capsule $0.09
- Terramorphic Expanse $0.09
- Dispeller's Capsule $0.06
- Sanctum Gargoyle $0.06
View these card images
Curse of Vengeance0.24
$6.66
#11261
0.31
10.0 years
Akiri, Line-Slinger0.00
$4.09
#10256
0.13
10.0 years
Baleful Strix0.00
$3.96
#367
0.28
14.5 years
Coastal Breach0.00
$3.92
#12982
0.91
10.0 years
Skullclamp0.02
$3.16
#38
0.79
22.8 years
Hellkite Tyrant0.23
$2.38
#726
1.12
13.8 years
Faerie Artisans0.06
$1.98
#4900
0.58
10.0 years
Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder0.19
$1.94
#7574
0.14
10.0 years
Silas Renn, Seeker Adept0.24
$1.92
#12342
0.35
10.0 years
Loxodon Warhammer0.00
$1.35
#1000
0.15
23.1 years
Swiftfoot Boots0.17
$1.26
#12
0.37
15.3 years
Godo, Bandit Warlord0.11
$1.05
#3365
0.84
22.1 years
Seat of the Synod0.00
$0.98
#302
0.09
23.1 years
Sydri, Galvanic Genius0.14
$0.94
#15019
0.19
13.0 years
Fellwar Stone0.00
$0.92
#17
0.00
32.3 years
Chief Engineer0.15
$0.91
#7085
0.43
12.3 years
Sol Ring0.00
$0.91
#1
1.59
33.3 years
Blinkmoth Urn0.16
$0.90
#5925
0.18
23.1 years
Daretti, Scrap Savant0.22
$0.86
#2061
0.33
12.0 years
Myr Retriever-0.00
$0.71
#892
0.26
23.1 years
Trash for Treasure0.00
$0.65
#3956
0.48
23.1 years
Read the Runes0.22
$0.59
#11610
0.12
24.1 years
Soul of New Phyrexia0.18
$0.56
#3583
0.19
12.3 years
Open the Vaults0.16
$0.51
#4122
0.11
17.3 years
Etherium Sculptor-0.00
$0.50
#409
0.26
18.1 years
Darksteel Citadel-0.00
$0.49
#282
0.07
22.8 years
Grave Upheaval0.06
$0.48
#15094
0.21
10.0 years
Nevinyrral's Disk0.00
$0.40
#2035
0.72
33.3 years
Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer0.20
$0.40
#7844
0.32
22.8 years
Breya, Etherium Shaper0.01
$0.38
#5835
0.44
10.0 years
Cranial Plating0.01
$0.37
#2502
0.27
22.4 years
Crumbling Necropolis0.00
$0.35
#372
0.00
18.1 years
Ethersworn Adjudicator0.10
$0.35
#9797
0.15
17.8 years
Buried Ruin0.04
$0.34
#193
0.09
15.3 years
Sharuum the Hegemon0.16
$0.34
#6917
0.06
18.1 years
Hanna, Ship's Navigator0.10
$0.32
#5915
0.12
26.1 years
Master of Etherium-0.00
$0.32
#2096
0.18
18.1 years
Grip of Phyresis0.24
$0.31
#21100
0.20
10.0 years
Magus of the Will0.23
$0.31
#17482
0.29
10.0 years
Rakdos Carnarium0.00
$0.31
#531
0.10
20.5 years
Trading Post0.09
$0.31
#2174
0.12
14.3 years
Everflowing Chalice0.13
$0.30
#251
0.24
16.8 years
Beacon of Unrest0.22
$0.29
#4595
0.64
22.4 years
Filigree Angel0.19
$0.29
#15160
0.53
17.5 years
Ichor Wellspring0.09
$0.29
#975
0.08
15.8 years
Nomad Outpost-0.00
$0.29
#381
0.03
12.2 years
Sphinx Summoner0.13
$0.29
#13161
0.12
17.8 years
Thopter Foundry0.09
$0.29
#8077
0.13
17.5 years
Hellkite Igniter0.17
$0.28
#7629
0.13
15.8 years
Armory Automaton0.13
$0.27
#6948
0.24
10.0 years
Shimmer Myr0.10
$0.27
#1346
0.34
15.8 years
Solemn Simulacrum0.00
$0.27
#44
0.11
23.1 years
Ancient Excavation0.11
$0.26
#9448
0.12
10.0 years
Trinket Mage0.00
$0.26
#2072
0.40
22.4 years
Parting Thoughts0.17
$0.25
#21074
0.11
10.0 years
Bonehoard0.18
$0.24
#5334
0.07
15.8 years
Myr Battlesphere0.26
$0.24
#932
0.25
16.1 years
Phyrexian Rebirth0.02
$0.24
#4431
0.32
15.8 years
Dimir Aqueduct0.00
$0.23
#391
0.03
21.1 years
Exotic Orchard0.00
$0.23
#9
0.08
17.8 years
Arcane Sanctum0.00
$0.22
#351
0.03
18.1 years
Mycosynth Wellspring0.18
$0.22
#2483
0.04
15.5 years
Commander's Sphere0.03
$0.21
#56
0.06
12.0 years
Command Tower0.00
$0.21
#2
0.20
15.4 years
Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer0.11
$0.21
#9392
0.12
15.5 years
Whipflare0.06
$0.21
#19341
0.06
15.5 years
Ash Barrens0.00
$0.20
#211
0.02
10.0 years
Boros Garrison0.00
$0.20
#529
0.04
21.1 years
Temple of the False God0.12
$0.18
#84
0.26
23.5 years
Azorius Chancery0.00
$0.17
#482
0.10
20.5 years
Vedalken Engineer0.00
$0.17
#6077
0.09
22.8 years
Transguild Promenade0.00
$0.16
#8255
0.07
14.1 years
Mystic Monastery0.00
$0.15
#375
0.06
12.2 years
Trial // Error0.18
$0.15
#26147
0.25
20.5 years
Migratory Route0.00
$0.14
#7288
0.00
10.0 years
Etched Oracle0.18
$0.11
#8833
0.06
22.4 years
Rupture Spire0.00
$0.10
#6293
0.07
17.8 years
Evolving Wilds-0.00
$0.09
#19
0.06
16.6 years
Executioner's Capsule0.04
$0.09
#7293
0.19
18.1 years
Terramorphic Expanse-0.00
$0.09
#30
0.08
21.2 years
Dispeller's Capsule0.01
$0.06
#12244
0.06
18.1 years
Sanctum Gargoyle0.00
$0.06
#17278
0.00
18.1 years
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by most played cards →
138
of 178
#5915 median play rate.
In the bottom 23%.
What median play rate means here
EDHREC ranks every card by how many Commander decks run it, #1 being the most played in the format. A deck's figure is the median rank across its nonland cards, so #1200 means half this deck sits inside the format's twelve hundred most played cards. A smaller number is the deck built out of staples.
- 135 Divine Convocation #5844
- 136 Enhanced Evolution #5863
- 137 Science! #5869
- 138 Invent Superiority #5915
- 139 Devour for Power #5984
- 140 Mystic Intellect #6043
- 141 Seize Control #6228
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by least played cards →
41
of 178
#5915 median play rate.
In the top 23%.
What median play rate means here
EDHREC ranks every card by how many Commander decks run it, #1 being the most played in the format. A deck's figure is the median rank across its nonland cards, so #1200 means half this deck sits inside the format's twelve hundred most played cards. A smaller number is the deck built out of staples.
- 38 Seize Control #6228
- 39 Mystic Intellect #6043
- 40 Devour for Power #5984
- 41 Invent Superiority #5915
- 42 Science! #5869
- 43 Enhanced Evolution #5863
- 44 Divine Convocation #5844
Most played cards
- Sol Ring #1
- Swiftfoot Boots #12
- Fellwar Stone #17
- Skullclamp #38
- Solemn Simulacrum #44
- Commander's Sphere #56
- Everflowing Chalice #251
- Baleful Strix #367
- Etherium Sculptor #409
- Hellkite Tyrant #726
- Myr Retriever #892
- Myr Battlesphere #932
- Ichor Wellspring #975
- Loxodon Warhammer #1000
- Shimmer Myr #1346
- Nevinyrral's Disk #2035
- Daretti, Scrap Savant #2061
- Trinket Mage #2072
- Master of Etherium #2096
- Trading Post #2174
- Mycosynth Wellspring #2483
- Cranial Plating #2502
- Godo, Bandit Warlord #3365
- Soul of New Phyrexia #3583
- Trash for Treasure #3956
- Open the Vaults #4122
- Phyrexian Rebirth #4431
- Beacon of Unrest #4595
- Faerie Artisans #4900
- Bonehoard #5334
- Breya, Etherium Shaper #5835
- Hanna, Ship's Navigator #5915
- Blinkmoth Urn #5925
- Vedalken Engineer #6077
- Sharuum the Hegemon #6917
- Armory Automaton #6948
- Chief Engineer #7085
- Migratory Route #7288
- Executioner's Capsule #7293
- Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder #7574
- Hellkite Igniter #7629
- Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer #7844
- Thopter Foundry #8077
- Etched Oracle #8833
- Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer #9392
- Ancient Excavation #9448
- Ethersworn Adjudicator #9797
- Akiri, Line-Slinger #10256
- Curse of Vengeance #11261
- Read the Runes #11610
- Dispeller's Capsule #12244
- Silas Renn, Seeker Adept #12342
- Coastal Breach #12982
- Sphinx Summoner #13161
- Sydri, Galvanic Genius #15019
- Grave Upheaval #15094
- Filigree Angel #15160
- Sanctum Gargoyle #17278
- Magus of the Will #17482
- Whipflare #19341
- Parting Thoughts #21074
- Grip of Phyresis #21100
- Trial // Error #26147
View these card images
Sol Ring0.00
$0.91
#1
1.59
33.3 years
Swiftfoot Boots0.17
$1.26
#12
0.37
15.3 years
Fellwar Stone0.00
$0.92
#17
0.00
32.3 years
Skullclamp0.02
$3.16
#38
0.79
22.8 years
Solemn Simulacrum0.00
$0.27
#44
0.11
23.1 years
Commander's Sphere0.03
$0.21
#56
0.06
12.0 years
Everflowing Chalice0.13
$0.30
#251
0.24
16.8 years
Baleful Strix0.00
$3.96
#367
0.28
14.5 years
Etherium Sculptor-0.00
$0.50
#409
0.26
18.1 years
Hellkite Tyrant0.23
$2.38
#726
1.12
13.8 years
Myr Retriever-0.00
$0.71
#892
0.26
23.1 years
Myr Battlesphere0.26
$0.24
#932
0.25
16.1 years
Ichor Wellspring0.09
$0.29
#975
0.08
15.8 years
Loxodon Warhammer0.00
$1.35
#1000
0.15
23.1 years
Shimmer Myr0.10
$0.27
#1346
0.34
15.8 years
Nevinyrral's Disk0.00
$0.40
#2035
0.72
33.3 years
Daretti, Scrap Savant0.22
$0.86
#2061
0.33
12.0 years
Trinket Mage0.00
$0.26
#2072
0.40
22.4 years
Master of Etherium-0.00
$0.32
#2096
0.18
18.1 years
Trading Post0.09
$0.31
#2174
0.12
14.3 years
Mycosynth Wellspring0.18
$0.22
#2483
0.04
15.5 years
Cranial Plating0.01
$0.37
#2502
0.27
22.4 years
Godo, Bandit Warlord0.11
$1.05
#3365
0.84
22.1 years
Soul of New Phyrexia0.18
$0.56
#3583
0.19
12.3 years
Trash for Treasure0.00
$0.65
#3956
0.48
23.1 years
Open the Vaults0.16
$0.51
#4122
0.11
17.3 years
Phyrexian Rebirth0.02
$0.24
#4431
0.32
15.8 years
Beacon of Unrest0.22
$0.29
#4595
0.64
22.4 years
Faerie Artisans0.06
$1.98
#4900
0.58
10.0 years
Bonehoard0.18
$0.24
#5334
0.07
15.8 years
Breya, Etherium Shaper0.01
$0.38
#5835
0.44
10.0 years
Hanna, Ship's Navigator0.10
$0.32
#5915
0.12
26.1 years
Blinkmoth Urn0.16
$0.90
#5925
0.18
23.1 years
Vedalken Engineer0.00
$0.17
#6077
0.09
22.8 years
Sharuum the Hegemon0.16
$0.34
#6917
0.06
18.1 years
Armory Automaton0.13
$0.27
#6948
0.24
10.0 years
Chief Engineer0.15
$0.91
#7085
0.43
12.3 years
Migratory Route0.00
$0.14
#7288
0.00
10.0 years
Executioner's Capsule0.04
$0.09
#7293
0.19
18.1 years
Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder0.19
$1.94
#7574
0.14
10.0 years
Hellkite Igniter0.17
$0.28
#7629
0.13
15.8 years
Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer0.20
$0.40
#7844
0.32
22.8 years
Thopter Foundry0.09
$0.29
#8077
0.13
17.5 years
Etched Oracle0.18
$0.11
#8833
0.06
22.4 years
Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer0.11
$0.21
#9392
0.12
15.5 years
Ancient Excavation0.11
$0.26
#9448
0.12
10.0 years
Ethersworn Adjudicator0.10
$0.35
#9797
0.15
17.8 years
Akiri, Line-Slinger0.00
$4.09
#10256
0.13
10.0 years
Curse of Vengeance0.24
$6.66
#11261
0.31
10.0 years
Read the Runes0.22
$0.59
#11610
0.12
24.1 years
Dispeller's Capsule0.01
$0.06
#12244
0.06
18.1 years
Silas Renn, Seeker Adept0.24
$1.92
#12342
0.35
10.0 years
Coastal Breach0.00
$3.92
#12982
0.91
10.0 years
Sphinx Summoner0.13
$0.29
#13161
0.12
17.8 years
Sydri, Galvanic Genius0.14
$0.94
#15019
0.19
13.0 years
Grave Upheaval0.06
$0.48
#15094
0.21
10.0 years
Filigree Angel0.19
$0.29
#15160
0.53
17.5 years
Sanctum Gargoyle0.00
$0.06
#17278
0.00
18.1 years
Magus of the Will0.23
$0.31
#17482
0.29
10.0 years
Whipflare0.06
$0.21
#19341
0.06
15.5 years
Parting Thoughts0.17
$0.25
#21074
0.11
10.0 years
Grip of Phyresis0.24
$0.31
#21100
0.20
10.0 years
Trial // Error0.18
$0.15
#26147
0.25
20.5 years
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by oldest →
20
of 178
17.3 years a card on average.
In the top 11%.
1422 years all
told, across 82 cards.
What a card on average means here
How long ago each card was first printed, averaged across the deck. A reprint does not make an old card new, so a deck published last year and stuffed with reprints still reads old. The total underneath is every card's age added together; the ranking uses the average, because a sum quietly rewards the bigger deck for being bigger.
- 17 Plunder the Graves 18.2 years
- 18 Swell the Host 17.9 years
- 19 Call the Spirits 17.4 years
- 20 Invent Superiority 17.3 years
- 21 Open Hostility 17.1 years
- 22 Seize Control 17.1 years
- 23 Stalwart Unity 17.0 years
See all 178 Commander precons ranked by newest →
159
of 178
17.3 years a card on average.
In the bottom 11%.
1422 years all
told, across 82 cards.
What a card on average means here
How long ago each card was first printed, averaged across the deck. A reprint does not make an old card new, so a deck published last year and stuffed with reprints still reads old. The total underneath is every card's age added together; the ranking uses the average, because a sum quietly rewards the bigger deck for being bigger.
- 156 Stalwart Unity 17.0 years
- 157 Seize Control 17.1 years
- 158 Open Hostility 17.1 years
- 159 Invent Superiority 17.3 years
- 160 Call the Spirits 17.4 years
- 161 Swell the Host 17.9 years
- 162 Plunder the Graves 18.2 years
Oldest cards
- Nevinyrral's Disk 33.3 years
- Sol Ring 33.3 years
- Fellwar Stone 32.3 years
- Hanna, Ship's Navigator 26.1 years
- Read the Runes 24.1 years
- Temple of the False God 23.5 years
- Blinkmoth Urn 23.1 years
- Loxodon Warhammer 23.1 years
- Myr Retriever 23.1 years
- Seat of the Synod 23.1 years
- Solemn Simulacrum 23.1 years
- Trash for Treasure 23.1 years
- Darksteel Citadel 22.8 years
- Skullclamp 22.8 years
- Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer 22.8 years
- Vedalken Engineer 22.8 years
- Beacon of Unrest 22.4 years
- Cranial Plating 22.4 years
- Etched Oracle 22.4 years
- Trinket Mage 22.4 years
- Godo, Bandit Warlord 22.1 years
- Terramorphic Expanse 21.2 years
- Boros Garrison 21.1 years
- Dimir Aqueduct 21.1 years
- Azorius Chancery 20.5 years
- Rakdos Carnarium 20.5 years
- Trial // Error 20.5 years
- Arcane Sanctum 18.1 years
- Crumbling Necropolis 18.1 years
- Dispeller's Capsule 18.1 years
- Etherium Sculptor 18.1 years
- Executioner's Capsule 18.1 years
- Master of Etherium 18.1 years
- Sanctum Gargoyle 18.1 years
- Sharuum the Hegemon 18.1 years
- Ethersworn Adjudicator 17.8 years
- Exotic Orchard 17.8 years
- Rupture Spire 17.8 years
- Sphinx Summoner 17.8 years
- Filigree Angel 17.5 years
- Thopter Foundry 17.5 years
- Open the Vaults 17.3 years
- Everflowing Chalice 16.8 years
- Evolving Wilds 16.6 years
- Myr Battlesphere 16.1 years
- Bonehoard 15.8 years
- Hellkite Igniter 15.8 years
- Ichor Wellspring 15.8 years
- Phyrexian Rebirth 15.8 years
- Shimmer Myr 15.8 years
- Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer 15.5 years
- Mycosynth Wellspring 15.5 years
- Whipflare 15.5 years
- Command Tower 15.4 years
- Buried Ruin 15.3 years
- Swiftfoot Boots 15.3 years
- Baleful Strix 14.5 years
- Trading Post 14.3 years
- Transguild Promenade 14.1 years
- Hellkite Tyrant 13.8 years
- Sydri, Galvanic Genius 13.0 years
- Chief Engineer 12.3 years
- Soul of New Phyrexia 12.3 years
- Mystic Monastery 12.2 years
- Nomad Outpost 12.2 years
- Commander's Sphere 12.0 years
- Daretti, Scrap Savant 12.0 years
- Akiri, Line-Slinger 10.0 years
- Ancient Excavation 10.0 years
- Armory Automaton 10.0 years
- Ash Barrens 10.0 years
- Breya, Etherium Shaper 10.0 years
- Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder 10.0 years
- Coastal Breach 10.0 years
- Curse of Vengeance 10.0 years
- Faerie Artisans 10.0 years
- Grave Upheaval 10.0 years
- Grip of Phyresis 10.0 years
- Magus of the Will 10.0 years
- Migratory Route 10.0 years
- Parting Thoughts 10.0 years
- Silas Renn, Seeker Adept 10.0 years
View these card images
Nevinyrral's Disk0.00
$0.40
#2035
0.72
33.3 years
Sol Ring0.00
$0.91
#1
1.59
33.3 years
Fellwar Stone0.00
$0.92
#17
0.00
32.3 years
Hanna, Ship's Navigator0.10
$0.32
#5915
0.12
26.1 years
Read the Runes0.22
$0.59
#11610
0.12
24.1 years
Temple of the False God0.12
$0.18
#84
0.26
23.5 years
Blinkmoth Urn0.16
$0.90
#5925
0.18
23.1 years
Loxodon Warhammer0.00
$1.35
#1000
0.15
23.1 years
Myr Retriever-0.00
$0.71
#892
0.26
23.1 years
Seat of the Synod0.00
$0.98
#302
0.09
23.1 years
Solemn Simulacrum0.00
$0.27
#44
0.11
23.1 years
Trash for Treasure0.00
$0.65
#3956
0.48
23.1 years
Darksteel Citadel-0.00
$0.49
#282
0.07
22.8 years
Skullclamp0.02
$3.16
#38
0.79
22.8 years
Slobad, Goblin Tinkerer0.20
$0.40
#7844
0.32
22.8 years
Vedalken Engineer0.00
$0.17
#6077
0.09
22.8 years
Beacon of Unrest0.22
$0.29
#4595
0.64
22.4 years
Cranial Plating0.01
$0.37
#2502
0.27
22.4 years
Etched Oracle0.18
$0.11
#8833
0.06
22.4 years
Trinket Mage0.00
$0.26
#2072
0.40
22.4 years
Godo, Bandit Warlord0.11
$1.05
#3365
0.84
22.1 years
Terramorphic Expanse-0.00
$0.09
#30
0.08
21.2 years
Boros Garrison0.00
$0.20
#529
0.04
21.1 years
Dimir Aqueduct0.00
$0.23
#391
0.03
21.1 years
Azorius Chancery0.00
$0.17
#482
0.10
20.5 years
Rakdos Carnarium0.00
$0.31
#531
0.10
20.5 years
Trial // Error0.18
$0.15
#26147
0.25
20.5 years
Arcane Sanctum0.00
$0.22
#351
0.03
18.1 years
Crumbling Necropolis0.00
$0.35
#372
0.00
18.1 years
Dispeller's Capsule0.01
$0.06
#12244
0.06
18.1 years
Etherium Sculptor-0.00
$0.50
#409
0.26
18.1 years
Executioner's Capsule0.04
$0.09
#7293
0.19
18.1 years
Master of Etherium-0.00
$0.32
#2096
0.18
18.1 years
Sanctum Gargoyle0.00
$0.06
#17278
0.00
18.1 years
Sharuum the Hegemon0.16
$0.34
#6917
0.06
18.1 years
Ethersworn Adjudicator0.10
$0.35
#9797
0.15
17.8 years
Exotic Orchard0.00
$0.23
#9
0.08
17.8 years
Rupture Spire0.00
$0.10
#6293
0.07
17.8 years
Sphinx Summoner0.13
$0.29
#13161
0.12
17.8 years
Filigree Angel0.19
$0.29
#15160
0.53
17.5 years
Thopter Foundry0.09
$0.29
#8077
0.13
17.5 years
Open the Vaults0.16
$0.51
#4122
0.11
17.3 years
Everflowing Chalice0.13
$0.30
#251
0.24
16.8 years
Evolving Wilds-0.00
$0.09
#19
0.06
16.6 years
Myr Battlesphere0.26
$0.24
#932
0.25
16.1 years
Bonehoard0.18
$0.24
#5334
0.07
15.8 years
Hellkite Igniter0.17
$0.28
#7629
0.13
15.8 years
Ichor Wellspring0.09
$0.29
#975
0.08
15.8 years
Phyrexian Rebirth0.02
$0.24
#4431
0.32
15.8 years
Shimmer Myr0.10
$0.27
#1346
0.34
15.8 years
Jor Kadeen, the Prevailer0.11
$0.21
#9392
0.12
15.5 years
Mycosynth Wellspring0.18
$0.22
#2483
0.04
15.5 years
Whipflare0.06
$0.21
#19341
0.06
15.5 years
Command Tower0.00
$0.21
#2
0.20
15.4 years
Buried Ruin0.04
$0.34
#193
0.09
15.3 years
Swiftfoot Boots0.17
$1.26
#12
0.37
15.3 years
Baleful Strix0.00
$3.96
#367
0.28
14.5 years
Trading Post0.09
$0.31
#2174
0.12
14.3 years
Transguild Promenade0.00
$0.16
#8255
0.07
14.1 years
Hellkite Tyrant0.23
$2.38
#726
1.12
13.8 years
Sydri, Galvanic Genius0.14
$0.94
#15019
0.19
13.0 years
Chief Engineer0.15
$0.91
#7085
0.43
12.3 years
Soul of New Phyrexia0.18
$0.56
#3583
0.19
12.3 years
Mystic Monastery0.00
$0.15
#375
0.06
12.2 years
Nomad Outpost-0.00
$0.29
#381
0.03
12.2 years
Commander's Sphere0.03
$0.21
#56
0.06
12.0 years
Daretti, Scrap Savant0.22
$0.86
#2061
0.33
12.0 years
Akiri, Line-Slinger0.00
$4.09
#10256
0.13
10.0 years
Ancient Excavation0.11
$0.26
#9448
0.12
10.0 years
Armory Automaton0.13
$0.27
#6948
0.24
10.0 years
Ash Barrens0.00
$0.20
#211
0.02
10.0 years
Breya, Etherium Shaper0.01
$0.38
#5835
0.44
10.0 years
Bruse Tarl, Boorish Herder0.19
$1.94
#7574
0.14
10.0 years
Coastal Breach0.00
$3.92
#12982
0.91
10.0 years
Curse of Vengeance0.24
$6.66
#11261
0.31
10.0 years
Faerie Artisans0.06
$1.98
#4900
0.58
10.0 years
Grave Upheaval0.06
$0.48
#15094
0.21
10.0 years
Grip of Phyresis0.24
$0.31
#21100
0.20
10.0 years
Magus of the Will0.23
$0.31
#17482
0.29
10.0 years
Migratory Route0.00
$0.14
#7288
0.00
10.0 years
Parting Thoughts0.17
$0.25
#21074
0.11
10.0 years
Silas Renn, Seeker Adept0.24
$1.92
#12342
0.35
10.0 years
What the figures on each card mean
- Originality
- One minus how close the card's nearest match anywhere in Magic gets, so a card at 0.30 has something out there 70% like it.
- Play rate
- EDHREC's rank for how often the card is played in Commander, where #1 is the most played card in the format.
- Salt
- Out of about 3, from EDHREC's salt survey, where players vote on the cards they least enjoy facing.
- Card age
- How long ago the card was first printed, counted from its earliest printing, so a reprint does not make an old card new.
Every ranking here is against the other 177 Commander precons, measured the same way for all of them. Read your own deck through the same lens →